§Úªº³Ì·R ³]¬°­º­¶ Ápµ¸§Ú­Ì
¡»¸Ü²á­Ñ¼Ö³¡ | ¡»¤å³¹·j¯Á | ¡»¤Í¯¸³sµ² | ¡»¯d¨¥&µo°Ý°Ï | ¡»³¯Â@¶hÂå®v²¤¶ | ¡»¼v­µe¾Ç­b-¥Á²³ª© | ¡»¼v­µe¾Ç­b-ÂåÅ@ª© | ¡»Àù¯gÃĪ«ªvÀøÁ¿®y
>­º­¶ -> ­ÓÅ餯Âå¾Ç -> ºë·ÇÂåÀø ºë½TÂå¾Ç

TOP

¥ÑÀËÅç»PÀË´ú¤§®t²§ ¬Ý·í¤µÀù¯gºë·ÇÂåÀøÀ³¸Ó¦p¦ó¿ï¾Ü¡¨°ò¦]ÀËÅç ¡§ ºK¿ý¦Û¡¨¥xÆWÂå¬É2019¦~ °ò¦]ÀËÅçªk³WºÊºÞ¤è¦Vªì±´¡¨
[ µo¥¬ªÌ:³¯Â@¶h | ®É¶¡:2019-12-18 20:05:58 | §@ªÌ: | ¨Ó·½: | ÂsÄý:483¦¸ ]

ÀËÅç(examination) »PÀË´ú(testing) ¨â¦r­±±qªí­±¬Ý¦ü¬Û¦P¡A¹ê«h¦b¬ì¾Ç¤Wªº·N¸q¡BÂå¾Ç¤èªk¤Î¤º®e¬Ò¦³ÅãµÛ¤£¦P¡C

 

Âå¾Ç¤Wªº¡uÀËÅç³ø§i¡v¤£µ¥¦P©ó¡uÀË´ú³ø§i¡v¡A¨ä³Q­n¨D©Ò»Ý¥X¨ãªº³ø§i¤º®e¤Îµ¥¯Å¥ç¤£¦P¡C¨Ì¾Ú2005 ¦~°ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç²Õ´(International Organization for Standardization, ISO) µo¦æ¤§ISO 9000 «~½èºÞ²zªº³N»y¤Î©w¸q¡A

¡uÀËÅç¡v¬°ÂÇ¥ÑÆ[¹î»P§PÂ_©Ò¶i¦æªº²Å¦X©Êµû¦ô¡A¾A·í®É¥iµ²¦X¶q´ú¡B´ú¸Õ¤Î¶q³W­p´ú©Ò¶i¦æªº²Å¦X©Êµû»ù¡C¬Û¹ï¦Ó¨¥¡A

¡uÀË´ú¡v«üªº¬O«ö·Óµ{§Ç½T©w¦X®æµû©w¹ï¶Hªº¤@­Ó©Î¦h­Ó¯S©Êªº¬¡°Ê¡C

 

¡uÀËÅç¡v¤Î¡uÀË´ú¡v¨âªÌ¬Û¤ñ¡A¡uÀËÅç¡v­«µø²Å¦X©Ê¡A¤£¶È´£¨Ñµ²ªG¡A§ó­n»P³W©w­n¨D¶i¦æ¤ñ¸û¡A¶i¦æ¦X®æ»P§_¤§§P©w¡F

¡uÀË´ú¡v¬°«ö·Ó³W©wµ{§Ç¶i¦æªº¬¡°Ê¡Aªx«ü¤@¶µ§Þ³N¬¡°Ê¡A¶È´£¨Ñµ²ªG¡A¤£¶i

¦æ¦X®æ»P§_¤§§P©w¡C

 

®Ú¾ÚISO 15189 Âå¾Ç¹êÅç«Ç¡X«~½è»P¯à¤O­n¨D¤§©w¸q¡A

ÀËÅ笰¥H´ú©w¬Y¤@©Ê½è¤§¼Æ­È©Î¯S©Ê¬°¥Øªºªº¤@®M§@·~¡A¦ÓÂå¾Ç¹êÅç«ÇªA°È¤º®e¥]¬AÀËÅ窺¥Ó½Ð¡B¯f¤H·Ç³Æ¡BÃѧO¡BÀËÅ馬¶°¡B¹B°e¡BÀx¦s¡B³B²z¡BÀËÅç¡B¥H¤Î«áÄòµ²ªGªº½T»{¡B¸ÑÄÀ¤Î³ø§i¡A¥B·í°ê®aªk³W³\¥i®É¡AÂå¾Ç¹êÅç«ÇªºªA

°ÈÁÙ¥]¬AÀËÅç¿Ô¸ß»P¥D°Ê°Ñ»P¬ÛÃö¯e¯f¹w¨¾¡C

 

¥Ø«e¡AÅé¥~¶EÂ_¸Õ¾¯¡A¥]§t®ø¶OªÌ¥iª½±µÁʱo¤§¡uÀË´ú¡v²£«~¬Ò³QFDAµø¬°ÂåÀø¾¹§÷(medical devices) ºÞ²z¡AÀ³³Qµø¬°ÀË´ú¤èªk¡F

 

¦Ó¹³¬O¬ü°ê¡uÀËÅç¡vªA°È´N»Ý­n¥Hªk«ßºÊºÞ¡A¡uÀËÅç¡vªA°È»Ý¦b²Å¦XÁ{§É¹êÅç«Ç§ï¶i­×¥¿®×(Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, CLIA) ¸ê®æ¤§¹êÅç«Ç¤è¯à¶i¦æ¡A©Î¬Y¨Ç°ê®a¥H¬Fµ¦³W½d¡A¡uÀËÅç¡vªA°È»Ý¦b¨ú±o°ê»ÚÂå¾Ç»â°ì¨ã¦³¸Ó¶µªA°È»{ÃÒ¸ê®æ¤§¹êÅç«Ç¬°¤§¡C¨Ò¦p¡GªÍÀùªí¥Ö¥Íªø¦]¤l¨üÅé(EGFR) ¬ðÅÜÅé¥~¶EÂ_©Ò´£¨Ñªºµ²ªG¡A¦]¬°­nÀ³¥Î©ó«D¤p²Ó­MªÍÀù¯f¤Hªº¯S©wÂåÀø¥Î³~¡]¦p¡G¬D¿ï¾A¦X¶i¦æ¼Ð¹vÃĪ«ªvÀø¡^¡A«hÀ³¸Óµø¬°ÀËÅçªA°È¡C

 

®Ú¾Ú¬ü°ê½Ã¥Í¤Î¤½¦@ªA°È³¡(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)ªºÂ²¤¶¡A°ò¦]ÀË´ú(genetic testing)«Y«ü§Q¥Î¥Íª«§Þ³N§ä¥X¬V¦âÅé¡B°ò¦]¡B³J¥Õ½èÅܲ§¡A¨äÀË´úµ²ªG¯à§@¬°ÂåÀø¤W½T»{©Î±Æ°£ºÃ¦ü¿ò¶Ç±¡§Î(condition)¡A©Î¨ó§UÂåÀø¤Wµû¦ô­Ó¤H¥¼¨Ó¿©±w¿ò¶Ç©Ê¯e¯f(disorder)¤§¥i¯à©Ê¡A©Ò¥H«ö·Ó¤W­z©w¸qÀ³¸ÓÄÝ©ó¡¨Âå¾ÇÀËÅ硨 ¡C

 

°ò¦]ÀËÅç(«D°ò¦]ÀË´ú)¥i¥H¨Ì·Ó¨Ï¥Î®É¾÷¡BÀËÅç¥Øªº¨Ó°Ï¤À¡A

 

¤£¦P¤åÄm¹ï°ò¦]ÀËÅç¤]¦³¤£¦Pªº¤ÀÃþ¡A±q¼s¸qªº¡u°·±d¬ÛÃö¡v(health-related)¡A¦p¡G³æ°ò¦]Åܲ§¿ò¶Ç¯e¯f- ¯áÅè¤p¸£µäÁY¯gÀËÅç¡B¦h°ò¦]Åܲ§¿ò¶Ç¯e¯f- ¤ß¦åºÞ¯e¯fÀËÅç¡B©ÊÁp¿ò¶Ç©Ê¯e¯f-X¬V¦âÅé¯Ü§é¯g¡B¾AÃĩʰò¦]- ªÍÀù¼Ð¹vÃĪ«ÃĪ«°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡A»P¡u«D°·±d¬ÛÃö¡vÀËÅç¡G·¹·½°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡B¹B°Ê°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡B©Ê®æ¯S½è°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡B¦¨¥\¯S½è°ò¦]ÀËÅçµ¥¡F

 

¥t¥~¤ñ¸û±`¥Îªº°ò¦]ÀËÅ礧¤ÀÃþ¡A¬O¥H¡uÂåÀø¥Øªº¡v(medical purpose)¡A¦p²£«e°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡Bµo¯f«e°ò¦]ÀË´ú(pre-symptomatic testing)¡B¯e¯f­·ÀI¹w´ú°ò¦]ÀË´ú(predictive testing)¡A»P¡u«DÂåÀø¥Øªº¡v(non-medical purpose)¡A¦pªkÂåŲ©w¡B¿Ë¤lŲ©w°µ¤ÀÃþ¡C

 

¼w°ê©ó2010¦~2¤ë¥Í®Ä¤§¡u¤HÃþ°ò¦]ÀËÅçªk¡v(Human Genetic Examination Act)±N¡uÂåÀø¥Øªº¡vªº°ò¦]ÀËÅç(genetic examination for medical purposes)©w¸q¬°¥ô¦ó¨ã¦³¶EÂ_(diagnostic)©Î¹w´ú(predictive)©Ê½è¤§°ò¦]ÀË´ú¡A¹ï¡u¶EÂ_°ò¦]¡v¤Î¡u¹w´ú°ò¦]¡vÀËÅç¤À§O¦CºÞ¡A©ú½T³W½d¬ÛÃö±Mªù¤H­û¤§Â¾·~±ø¥ó¡A¤À­z¦p¤U¡G

¤@¡B ¡u¶EÂ_°ò¦]¡vªº°ò¦]ÀËÅç¶È­­¥ÑÂå®v¶}¥ß¡A¬°¥]§t¤U¦C¥ô¤@¥Øªº¤§°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡G

1. ½T»{¤w¦s¦b¤§¯e¯f©Î°·±d±¡§Î¡F

2. µû¦ô¬O§_¦³¥ô¦ó¥i¯à¾É­P¯e¯f©Î°·±d°ÝÃDªº°ò¦]¯S¼x»P¥~¦b¦]¤l¨Ã¦s¡F

3. µû¦ô¬O§_¦³¥ô¦ó¥i¯à¼vÅTÃĪ«§@¥Îªº°ò¦]¯S¼x¡F

4. µû¦ô¬O§_¦³¥ô¦ó¥i¯à§¹¥þ©Î³¡¥÷¹w¨¾¯e¯f©Î°·±d°ÝÃDµo¥Íªº°ò¦]¯S¼x¡C

 

¤G¡B ¡u¹w´ú°ò¦]¡vªº°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡A¶È­­¥Ñ¨ã»{ÃÒ¸ê®æ¤§¤HÃþ¿ò¶Ç±M¬ìÂå®v©Î¨ä¥L¦b¨ä¥L±M¬ì»â°ì¨ú±o°ò¦]ÀËÅç¸ê®æªºÂå®v¶}¥ß¡A¬°§t¤U¦C¥ô¤@¥Øªº¤§°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡G

1. ¥ô¦ó¥¼¨Ó¥i¯à²£¥Í¤§¯e¯f©Î°·±d°ÝÃD¡F

2. ±a¦³·|¹ï«á¥N³y¦¨¯e¯f©Î°·±d°ÝÃD¤§°ò¦]¯S¼x¡C

 

¸Óªk³W©w¡A¦b°õ¦æ°ò¦]ÀËÅç©MÀËÅé±Ä¶°«e¡A»Ý§iª¾¤U­z¤º®e:

1.     ÀËÅ示®e¡B

2.     ÀËÅçµ²ªG»P

3.     °·±d­·ÀIªºÃö«Y¡B

4.     ÀËÅç¾A¥Î½d³ò¡B

5.     ¨ú®øÀËÅ礧Åv§Qµ¥¤º®e¡A

 

¨Ã¨ú±o¨üÀ˪̪º®Ñ­±¦P·N®Ñ«á©l¥i¬°¤§¡A¨Ã»Ý­n´£¨Ñ¨üÀ˪̸Բӧ¹¾ãªº¿ò¶Ç¿Ô¸ß(genetic counselling)¡F°£¼w°ê¥~¡A¼Ú¬w¨ä¥L°ê®a¡A¦p¡G¶ø¦a§Q(Gene

Technology Act)¡B·ç¤h(Federal Act on Human Genetic Testing, GUMG)µ¥°ê¬Ò±Ä±Mªk¼Ò¦¡³W½d ÂåÀø¥Î©Î°·±d¬ÛÃö°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡C

 

¶ø¦a§Qªº°ò¦]§Þ³Nªk(Gene Technology Act) «h­n¨D¾Þ§@°ò¦]ÀËÅç¾÷ºc»Ý«ü¬£¨ã¦³¤HÃþ¿ò¶Ç¾Ç±M·~¸ê®æ©ÎÂå¾Ç¶EÂ_¹êÅç«Ç¸ê®æ©Î¨ä¥L¨ü¹LÂå¾Ç¡B¿ò¶Ç¾Ç±M·~°V½m¤§¤H­û°µ¬°¹êÅç«Ç¥DºÞ(laboratory manager)¡A­t³dºÞ²z¹êÅç«ÇªºÀËÅç«~

½è»P¤H­û±Ð¨|°V½m¡C

 

«nÁúªº¥Íª«­Û²z»P¥Íª«¦w¥þªk(Bioethics and Biosafety Act) «h³W©w¡A°õ¦æ

°ò¦]ÀËÅç©Îª½±µ¨ú±o¯f¤HÀËÅé¶i¦æ°ò¦]¬ã¨s¡A¶È­­ÂåÀø¾÷ºc°õ¦æ»P¯e¯f¶EÂ_¦³Ãöªº°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡A¥B»Ý¦V¥DºÞ¾÷Ãö§Y°·±d»PºÖ¬ç³¡(Ministry of Health and Welfare) ³ø³Æ¡C³o¨Ç³£¬OÂåÀø¥Øªºªº°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡A¥ý¶i°ê®a©Ò­n¨Dªº³W®æ¡C

ªº°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡C

 

¿D¬w°ê®a°·±dº[ÂåÃĬã¨s©e­û·|(National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC)±N¡uÂåÀø¥Øªº¡vªº°ò¦]ÀËÅç°ò¦]ÀËÅç¤À¦¨¤U¦C´XÃþ¡G

1.     Åé²Ó­M°ò¦]ÀË´ú( somatic genetic testing)¡G

ÀËÅç§t²Ó­M²Õ´¡]³q±`¬°Àù¯g¡^¦b¤ºªº«D¿ò¶Ç©Ê¬ðÅÜ¡AÀËÅçµ²ªG¥i¯à¬°¶EÂ_¥Øªº©Î¬OÀ°§UÂåÀøºÝ¿ï¾Ü¦X¾AªºªvÀø¤è¦¡¡C

2.     ¶EÂ_©Ê¿ò¶ÇÅܲ§°ò¦]ÀË´ú(diagnostic testing for heritable mutations)¡G

¥Î©óÀËÅç¥X¾É­P¤wµo¯S©w¯e¯f¤§¿ò¶Ç©Ê°ò¦]¬ðÅÜ¡A³q±`¥]§t¤@­Ó©Î¦h­Ó°ò¦]Åܲ§¡C

3.     ¹w´ú©Ê¿ò¶ÇÅܲ§°ò¦]ÀË´ú(predictive testing for heritable mutations)¡G

¤]³QºÙ¬°µo¯f«e´ú¸Õ(pre-symptomatic types)¡A¥Î©óÀËÅç©|¥¼µo¯f«e¡A±q¿Ë¥N¿ò¶Çµ¹¤U¤@¥N¤§¥Í´Þ²Ó­M¨t¬ðÅÜ(germline mutation)¡A¯e¯fªº­·ÀI®Ú¾Ú°ò¦]¬ðÅܱ¡§Î¡B®a±Ú¥v¡A¦Ó¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡C

4.     ¿ò¶Ç©ÊÅܲ§±a¦]ªÌÀË´ú(carrier testing for heritable mutations)¡G

ÀËÅç¨S¦³¾É­P¿©¯f­·ÀI¤§°ò¦]¬ðÅÜ¡B¦ý¥i¯à·|¼W¥[¤U¤@¥N¤§¿©¯f­·ÀI¤§¿ò¶Ç©Ê¯e¯f¡C

5. ÃĪ«°ò¦]¾ÇÀË´ú(pharmacogenetics testing)¡G

ÀËÅç¥i¯à¨Ó¦ÛÅé²Ó­M©Î¥Í´Þ²Ó­M·|§ïÅÜÃĪ«¥NÁªº°ò¦]Åܲ§¡C

 

 

«D¡uÂåÀø¥Øªº¡vªº¡u®ø¶OªÌ°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡v(Direct to Consumer, DTC)

¦]¬°°ò¦]ÀËÅç¦b¯e¯f¹w¨¾¡B¿zÀË¡B¶EÂ_¤ÎªvÀøµ¥¦U¶¥¬q¬Ò§êºt­«­n¨¤¦â¡A¥þ²y¥«³õ¤j´T¦¨ªø¡A¥B¦bÁ{§É»â°ìªºÀ³¥Î»á¨ã¼ç¤O¡A¦]¦Ó·~¬É¼®¤O©óµo®i¡u®ø¶OªÌ°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡v(Direct to Consumer, DTC)ªº°Ó·~¼Ò¦¡¡A ½dÃ¥¥]§t¡u°·±d¬ÛÃö¡v(health-related)»P¡u«D°·±d¬ÛÃö¡v(non-health-related) ÀËÅç¶µ¥Ø¡C®Ú¾Ú¬ü°ê­¹«~¤ÎÃÄ«~ºÊ·þºÞ²z§½(U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA) ©w¸q¡A¥¼¸g¥ÑÂåÀø°|©ÒÂ卯¤H­û¡Aª½±µ¥Ñ°ò¦]ÀËÅ礽¥q­±¦V¨üÀ˪̩Ҷi¦æªº¦Û¶OÀËÅç¬Ò¬°¡u®ø¶OªÌ°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡v¡A¨Ò¦p:2018¦~¬ü°êª¾¦W°ò¦]ÀËÅ礽¥q¡u23andMe¡v¡A¬°­º­Ó³QFDA§å­ã¥iª½±µ´£¨Ñ®ø¶OªÌÀËÅçªA°Èªº°Ó·~¾÷ºc¡A¶i¦æ¥]§tªü¯÷®üÀq ¯g¡B¤Úª÷´Ë¤ó¯g¦b¤ºªº10¶µ¯e¯f°·±d­·ÀIµû¦ô (23andMe personal Genome Service Genetic Health Risk Test)¡B¨ÅÀù°ò¦]­·ÀIÅç¤Î°ò¦]¥NÁ¯S©wÃĪ«¯à¤OÀËÅç¡C¥H¸Ó¤½¥qªº¡u¨ÅÀù°ò¦]­·ÀIÀËÅç(23andMe Personal Genome Service Risk Report for BRCA1/BRCA2, Selected Variants)¡v¬°¨Ò¡A¨ä¥D­n¥Î©óÀËÅç¼w¨tµS¤Ó¤H¦å²Î (Ashkenazi Jewish)±wªÌ¤¤³Ì±`¨£ªºBRCA1©MBRCA2°ò¦]ªº¤T­ÓÅܲ§¦ìÂI¡A®Ú¾Ú¸Ó²£«~¥é³æ¡A¦¹ÀËÅçÂå§÷µLªk¶EÂ_©Î¥ô¦ó¨ä¥L°·±dª¬ªp¡A¥B¤£À³³Q¥Î¨Ó°µÂåÀø¨Mµ¦¡A¥çµLªk¨ú¥NÂåÀø¤H­ûªº¿zÀË«ØÄ³©Î«áÄò°lÂÜ¡C­È±oª`·Nªº¬O¡AFDA§å­ã¸Ó²£«~¬°¡u»Ý¿í´`¯S§O­n¨D(special controls)ªº¤G¯ÅÂåÀø¾¹§÷(class II medical device)¡v¡A¸Ó²£«~»Ý´£¨Ñ®ø¶OªÌ¥]§tÀËÅ礧°ò¦]Åܲ§¦ìÂI¡B»¡©ú¸Ó²£«~«D¨Ñ¯e¯f¶EÂ_©ÎªvÀø¨Mµ¦¥Îµ¥»PÀËÅç·Ç½T©Ê¡B­­¨î©Ê¬ÛÃö°T®§¡A¥H½T«O®ø¶OªÌÁA¸Ñ¸Ó²£«~¦³®Ä©Ê»P¦w¥þ©Ê¡F¤]´N¬O¬ü°êFDA»{¥i¸ÓÀËÅçÂå§÷¨Ï¥Î·N¹Ï©Ò±a¨Ó¤§¯q³B¶W¹L¹ïÀËÅç»{ª¾¤£¥¿½T¡B¿ù»~³ø§i¤Î¿ù»~¸ÑÄÀ¤§­·ÀI¡A±©¬ü°êFDAÅý®ø¶OªÌ¦Û¦æ¨M©w¡u®ø¶OªÌ°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡v(Direct to Consumer, DTC)ªº°Ó·~¼Ò¦¡¬O§_±Ä¥Î¡A¦Û¦æ©Ó¾á­·ÀI¡A¦ýFDA¨Ã¤£¹ï¡u®ø¶OªÌ°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡vªºÀËÅçµ²ªG­I®Ñ¡C

 

 

¥xÆW²{¦æªk³W»Pµo®i¤è¦V¤§¬Ù«ä

½Ã¥ÍºÖ§Q³¡±N®Ú¾ÚÂåÀøªk²Ä62±ø²Ä2¶µ³W©w¡A©ó2019¦~¶}©l±À°Ê¹êÅç«Ç¶}µoÀË´ú¤§·sºÞ²z¾÷¨î¡A¥D­n³W½d¬O¥H·|¼vÅT«áÄòÂåÀø¦æ¬°ªº¬ÛÃöÂåÀøÀËÅ笰¥D¡A¤]´N¬O¥H¡uÂåÀø¥Øªº¡vªº°ò¦]ÀËÅçªA°È¡A¦Ü©ó®ø¶OªÌ°ò¦]ÀËÅ窺¶µ¥Ø«h¼È¤£¦C¤J¦Ò¼{ºÞ²z¡C¹ï©óÂåÀø¥Øªºªº°ò¦]ÀËÅ礧ªì¨BÀÀ©wªººÞ²z­ì«h¥]§t¥H¤U´XÂI¡G

1. ¤£¤¹³\«DÂåÀø¾÷ºc¹ï®ø¶OªÌª½±µ¶i¦æ¡uÂåÀø¥Øªº¡vªº°ò¦]ÀËÅçªA°È¡C

2. «DÄÝÂåÀø¾÷ºc¤§¹êÅç«Ç¡A»Ý±µ¨üÂåÀø¾÷ºc¤§©e°U«á¡A¤~¯à¬I¦æÂåÀø¥Îºë·ÇÂåÀø¤À¤lÀË´ú¹êÅç«ÇÀË´ú»PªA°È(LDTS)¡C

3. ±µ¨üÂåÀø¾÷ºc©e°UÀË´úªº¹êÅç«Ç¡A»Ý¸g¹L¤¤¥¡¥DºÞ¾÷Ãö©Î»{¥i³æ¦ìªº»{ÃÒ¡C

4. ¹êÅç«Ç­Y´£¨Ñ§PŪ³ø§iªºªA°È¡A¶·¥Ñ¡uÂå®v¡v°õ¦æ¡C

5. ©ñ¼e¬ÛÃöÂ卯¤H­û°õ·~³õ©Òµn°O¦aÂI­­¨î¡C

6. ©w¸q¤Îµû¦ô·í¹H¤Ï¯SºÞ¿ìªk¬ÛÃö³W½d®É¡A¥i¯à¹H¤Ïªºªk³W¡]¦pÂåÀøªk¡BÃĨƪk¡BÂåÀøÀËÅç®vªkµ¥¡^¤Î»@«h¡C

 

±q¤W­z¥xÆW·í§½©Ò¤½§iªººÞ²z­ì«hªº¤j¤è¦V¦ü¥G¥i¿s¨£¡A¥xÆW¥¼¨Ó±N¥i¯à°Ï¤À¬°ÂåÀø¥Øªºªº°ò¦]ÀËÅç»P®ø¶OªÌ°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡A¨ä©Ò¨ü¨ìªº³W½d±j«×¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡CµM¦Ó¡A¬O§_¯à¶È¥HÂåÀø¥Øªº§@¬°¹º¤À¼Ð·Ç¡A¹ê¦³ºÃ¸q¡A¨Ò¦p¥Á²³±µ¨ü®ø¶OªÌ°ò¦]ÀËÅç«á¡A¹ï©óÀËÅçµ²ªG¦p¦³ºÃ°Ý¡A¤´µM·|´M¨DÂåÀø¿Ô¸ß¡A¦ÓÂå®v«o¦³¥i¯à¨Ì¾Ú¦¹ÀËÅçµ²ªG¶i¦Ó¼vÅT«áÄòÂåÀø§PÂ_¡C

 

¦AªÌ¡AÂåÀø¥Øªºªº°ò¦]ÀËÅç»P®ø¶OªÌ°ò¦]ÀËÅç¤GªÌ¤§ÀËÅç«~½è¡Bµ²ªG·Ç½T©Êµ¥¬O§_·|¦³µ{«×¤W®t²§¡A¸Ó®t²§¦pªG¾É­PÀËÅçµ²ªG¥¢·Ç¥X²{°°¶§©Ê¡B°°³±©Ê¾÷²v¼W¥[¡A¤Ï¦Ó¨Ï¥Á²³²£¥Í¤£¥²­n¤§®£·W¡A¦ý¦pªG·Ç½T©Ê¤Î«~½è¨ÃµL®t²§¡A«h¦ó¥H¤GªÌ©Ò¨ü³W½d±j«×¤£¦P¡C

 

¦p¥Hªk³W¾A¥Î­±Æ[¹î¡AÂåÀø¥Øªºªº°ò¦]ÀËÅç¥i¯à¯A¤ÎÂåÀøªk¡BÃĨƪk©ÎÂåÀøÀËÅç®vªkµ¥¡A¦ý®ø¶OªÌ°ò¦]ÀËÅç«o¥i¯à¦b©w©Ê¤WÄÝ©ó®ø¶O¦æ¬°¡A¦Ó¯A¤Î¥Áªk¤Î®ø¶OªÌ«OÅ@ªk¡A¤Ï¦Ó³WÁ×ÂåÀø¬ÛÃöªk³W¤§¾A¥Î¡A³y¦¨¥»½è¦P¼Ë¬O°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡A«o¦]¨ä¬O§_¨ã¦³ÂåÀø¥Øªº¡A³y¦¨ªk³W¾A¥Î¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡A¥¼¨Ó¥ç®£¥Íª§Ä³¡C

 

¬ü°ê¦³¬ã¨sÅã¥Ü¡A¬ù¤»¦¨±µ¨ü¡u®ø¶OªÌ°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡v(Direct to Consumer, DTC)ªº¨üÀ˪̪í¥Ü­pµe»P¨ä®a®xÂå®v°Q½×ÀËÅçµ²ªG¡A¹w´Á±N¼W¥[¬Ý¶E®É¶¡»P¨ä¥LÂåÀø¸ê·½¨Ï¥ÎÀW²v¡A³y¦¨¤£¥²­nªºÂåÀø¸ê·½®ö¶O¡C¥Ø«e°ò¦]ÀËÅç»P¿ò¶Ç¯e¯fÃö«Y¤´ÄÝ©óµo®i¤¤¤§·s¿³¬ì§Þ»Pª¾ÃÑ¡A°w¹ï¦¹¤@°Ó·~¼Ò¦¡¡A¨äÀËÅçµ²ªG¥¿½T©Ê¡B¨üÀ˪̹ïÀËÅç°Ó«~¤ÎÀËÅçµ²ªGªº»{ª¾¥¿½T©Ê¡B©M±M·~ªº¿ò¶Ç¿Ô¸ß¥²­n©Ê¡A³£»Ý­nÂÔ·Vµû¦ô¡FÀHµÛ¬ì§Þªº¶i¨B¡B¸ê°Tªº´¶¤Î¡A°ò¦]ÀËÅç±q¥H©¹ªºÂåÀø±M·~¾É¦V¨«¨ìÅU«È¿ï¾Ü¾É¦V¡A¦UÃþ°ò¦]ÀËÅç¦b¤£¦P±¡¹Ò¤U¥i¯à§êºt¤£¦Pªº¥\¯à¡A±q¹w´ú¡B¿zÀË¡B¶EÂ_¡BªvÀø¦U¶¥¬q³£À³¸Ó¦³¨äÀËÅçÀu¶Õ»PÀ³¥Î­­¨î¡C

 

¥¼¨Ó¡u°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡vªk¨î³W½d¤§«Øºc¡A­º¥ýÀ³¦Ò¶q¥Á²³°·±dÅv·í¤¤ª¾±¡ªºÅv§Q¡A¥]§t¹ï©óÀËÅ礧¥\¥Î©ÎÀËÅ礧¥Øªº¡BÀËÅçµ²ªG·Ç½T©Ê¡B¦³®Ä©Êµ¥«~½èºÊ±±¡B¤ÎÀËÅçµ²ªG¨Ï¥Î¤§­­¨îµ¥¡F¨ä¦¸¡A¹ï©óÀËÅ餧«O¦s¡B¾P·´¡B©Î¦A§Q¥Î¡A¤]¯A¤Î¥Á²³±Ó·P©Ê¸ê°T¤§ºûÅ@¡B¥Á²³¹ï©ó¦Û¨­°ò¦]¸ê°T¤§¦Û¥DÅv¤ÎÁA¸Ñ°ò¦]¸ê°T¤§ª¾±¡Åv¡C

 

Ãö©ó¡u®ø¶OªÌ°ò¦]ÀËÅç¡v(Direct to Consumer, DTC)¡A¥DºÞ¾÷Ãö±N­±¹ïªº¬O¦p¦ó¦Xªk¤Î¦³®ÄºÞ²z¡AÁ×§Kªk³W³Îµõ¾A¥Î¡A¥H¤ÎÂåÀøªk»PÂ卯¤H­û¹ï©ó¾Þ§@¤H­û©Ò«ß©w¤§¾Aªk©Ê°ÝÃD¡A±q¹êÅç«ÇºÝ«~½èªº±±ºÞ¡A¨ì®ø¶OªÌºÝªº¼s§i¡B³ø§i¸ÑÄÀ¡B¦¬¶O¾÷¨î¡A¨ä»PÂå¾ÇÀËÅ礧¤À§O»P­­¨î¡A¥H¤Î¬ÛÃö²£«~³d¥ô¡B®ø¶O¦æ¬°³d¥ô¤§Âç²M¡F¦AªÌ¡A¦p¥Ñ«DÂ卯¤H­ûª½±µ­±¹ï®ø¶OªÌ¡A¬O§_¯à½T«O®ø¶OªÌÀò±o¤@©w«O»Ù¡A¦p¦óÁ×§K²£¥Í½Ñ¦h¶Ã¶H¡AÀ³¬O¥DºÞ¾÷Ãö¦b«Øºc¾ãÅéªk¨î³W½dªº­«ÂI¦Ò¶q¡C

 

Á`¤§¡A°ò¦]ÀËÅçªA°È»Ý­n¦Ò¼{¨ä¤£¦P¥Øªº»P¤ÀÃþ¤è¦¡¡BÀËÅç¤èªk½ÆÂø«×¡BÀËÅçµ²ªG­·ÀI¼h¯Å¥~¡A¦U¶µÀËÅ窺¹ê¥Î©Ê»P­­¨î©Ê¤]À³¨üÄYÂÔ¬dÃҤ覡©ÒºÞ¨î¡A¥»¤å´Á«Ý¥¼¨Ó¥DºÞ¾÷Ãö³z¹L¦X©yªºªk³W¤Î¦æ¬FºÊºÞ¾÷¨î¡A½T«OÀËÅç·Ç½T©Ê¤ÎÀËÅçªA°È¦³®Ä©Ê¡A¬°¥Á²³°·±dÅv¯q§âÃö¡C

 

 

 

·Q­n¾\Äý§@ªÌ¼¶¼gªº§ó¦hÀù¯g¸ê°T¡AÅwªï«e©¹¥x¤¤¥«¥þ¤è¦ìÀù¯gÃöÃh¨ó·|©xºôhttp://www.cancerinfotw.org/¡A¨ÃÀµ½Ð¦U¦ì¯à°÷¥[¤J¨ó·|©x¤èfacebook¯»µ·¹Î¡A±N·R¤ßÃöÃh»Pª¾ÃѪº¤O¶q¶Ç»¼¥X¥h¡C¥[¤J¯»µ·¹Î¥i¥H©w´Á¾\Ū¨ì©xºôºë¿ï¤å³¹¡BÂå¾Ç±Ð¨|¼v¤ù¡A¨Ã¥B¨C­Ó¤ë³£¥i¥H±µ¨ì¨ó·|ªº¹q¤l³ø±MÃD³ø¾É¡AÅýÀù¯g·sª¾¡u¤£¿òº|¡v

 

·Q­nÁA¸Ñ§@ªÌªº¸ê°T¤]½Ð¦Ühttp://cancerfree.medicalmap.tw/ ÂI¾\¡¨³¯Â@¶hÂå®v²¤¶¡¨

¬ÛÃöÂåÀøªA°È¸ê°T: ³¯Â@¶hÂå®vªù¶EªA°È®É¬q (2019.12.01¤½§i) http://cancerfree.medicalmap.tw/bencandy.php?fid=156&aid=4162

 

Àù¤Í¥²³Æ±M®Ñ Áo©úÀ»°hÀù¯h¾Î Åý§A§ÜÀù¨Æ¥b¤S¥\­¿

https://www.commonhealth.com.tw/book/bookTopic.action?nid=37

 

©µ¦ù¾\Ū:

 

[¤W¤@½g]¥x湾陈骏¶h.. [¤U¤@½g]¥Ñ检验ÉO检&#..

 
±À¨ì Facebook!
±À¨ì Twitter!
±À¨ì Plurk!

¬ÛÃöÄæ¥Ø

³Ì·s¤å³¹

¼öªù¤å³¹

±ÀÂˤ峹

¤Í¯¸³sµ²

¤¤¥¡°·«O§½
°ê®aºô¸ôÂå°|
§ÜÀù¦³±s¦u ¥Í©R¦V«e¨« ³¯Âå®v»P§A¦A³y°·±d